effects of urbanization on land degradation ppt

They'll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance - the kind of sophisticated look that today's audiences expect. 4.4 Environmental effects. Urbanization is another source of land degradation. It is found that anthropogenic activities influence urban environment considerably ( Alberti et al., 2003, Andersson, 2006, Lundholm and Richardson, 2010 ), and hence greater attention is required towards monitoring the changes in land use and land cover in urban areas ( Stow & Chen, 2002 ). Cultivating Steep Slopes 4.2. By 2050, 68% of the world population is projected to live in urban areas. Rural urbanization is taking place rapidly in most areas of Pakistani Punjab. Unless the relationship between the multiplying population and the life support system can be stabilized, development programs, howsoever, innovative are not likely to yield… Discharge of various kinds of chemicals on land adjacent to forest regions makes the environment unappealing to the survival of trees, vegetations, and animal species. Loss of Resilience in Ecosystems. Our land, water and soil are compromised when people exhaust resources or release harmful chemicals into the air. 1.1.25 Explain why land is considered as a resource. 1995; Brown and Kane 1994), while others argue that land degradation is overestimated and, in any event, relatively unimportantto global food supplies (Crosson 1994). Although agriculture remains the backbone of Pakistan’s economy, many rural people have abandoned agriculture to adopt different occupations as a consequence of rural urbanization. Development, Land use Pattern and Environmental Degradation in India By Ms. Soumya Mohanty, Research Scholar, IIPS. If land degradation process continues, it eventually leads to desertification [1]. According to FAO, deforestation is the conversion of cultivated land has decreased from 1.2ha to 1ha and from 2.2ha to 1.8ha in Kuhar Michael and Lenche Dima respectively, over the last 30years. The promise of jobs and prosperity, among other factors, pulls people to cities. "Urbanization and the Natural Drainage System-Impacts, Solutions, and Prognosis." The major causes of the environmental degradation are modern urbanization, industrialization, over-population growth, deforestation etc. Natural factors such as drought, storms on sea, land and deserts such as hurricanes, tornadoes, carina and volcanic eruptions. "Urbanization and the Natural Drainage System-Impacts, Solutions, and Prognosis." and local land markets. Soil degradation causes, effects, preventive methods. The promise of jobs and prosperity, among other factors, pulls people to cities. 4) Pollution of water resources from the contamination of soil through which water sweeps into ground or runoff to the water bodies. global terrestrial land surface and has degraded about 60% of the ecosystems services in the past 50 years alone. The impacts are:- 1. Forests collect carbon 20 Basic Concepts of Deforestation, Degradation, and Fragmentation 2.1 Deforestation Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forest land use such as arable land, urban use, logged area or wasteland. There are many forms of environmental degradation. impact for India. effects of land degradation through water erosion and its subsequent impact on rivers and reservoirs downstream are presented through the use of modeling tools and techniques. Land use and land cover. : untimely floods, global warming, habitat loss, etc. title: contribution of road transportation to environmental degradation in nigerias urban cities 1 contribution of road transportation to environmental degradation in nigerias urban cities by prof. b.i. Pest Problem 5. The precipitation or rainfall of the area, that is discharged from the area through stream channels and is thus lost without entering the soil, is called surface runoff. Applied with remote sensing, GIS, and mathematical statistics, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of urbanization expansion of Yantai city from 1974 to 2009 was studied. discusses the time setting and driving forces behind rapid urbanization in Ethiopia in sections 3 and 4, the economic aspect and characteristics of urbanization in section 5, effects of rapid urbanization on employment, public service provision and spatial organization of towns in section 5. Sequential and Unanticipated Cause-effect Situations 4.5 International Research Efforts 5. Estimates on the annual direct cost of land degradation in India. BRIEF PRESENTATION OF SENEGAL AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ITS URBANIZATION Population: 13,508,715 inhabitants in 2013, 49.9% men and 50.1% women Density: 69 inhabitants per km² Population mostly rural: 54.8% against 45.2% urban Population mostly young: Average age: 22.7 years Active Population: 58.2% of the global population Employment rate: 74.3% in 2013 against 25.7% Land use and land management practices have a major impact on natural resources including water, soil, nutrients and plants, and the living beings. Impact # 1. The overall effects of soil degradation pose a major threat to food security especially in poor regions. Some per­ ceivethat land degradation poses a potential threatto global food supplies over the long term (Pimentel et al. We develop new algorithms for processing this data, apply spatial statistical analysis to With the projected increase in urbanization, this will continue to be a substantial cause of loss of agricultural land, but it is a different problem from land degradation. 3. environmental degradation has been occurring very rapidly and causing many problems like land insecurity, worsening water quality, excessive air pollution, noise and the problems of waste disposal. 4.9 Drought, land degradation, migration, and violent conflict 19 4.10 Out-migration as a cause of land degradation 19 5. Land Pollution One of the calamitous effects of land pollution is the destruction of nearby forests together with its ecosystems. Demands for land are growing in the city. It includes definitions, and discussions of land use change, urbanization, and land use planning in the Ø Urbanization is mainly a product of demographic explosion and poverty induced rural-urban migration. In the table below, the left side shows changes in land and water use when urbanization occurs, and the right side shows the possible effect on the local water system. Biodiversity 4. 1. 4 Booth, Derek B. CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION. Based on habitat characteristics, we expected a gradual decline in species abundance across forest-urban edges and … 4. Expansion of agricultural production, fuelled by population growth and demand from the city, threatens widespread soil erosion, land degradation and groundwater pollution. 27 december 2007 . This leads to soil erosion, rising water tables, the expression of salinity, mass movement by gravity of soil or rock, stream bank instability and a … Consequences of land degradation 6. Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology University of Tokyo Japan. I chose this topic because in the past few decades, a lot of natural calamities and phenomena have taken place, e.g. The production of goods and services is made possible through the use of assets or capital such as land, equipment, etc. 4 Booth, Derek B. 1.1.28 State the reasons for soil erosion, land slide and desertification. Land And Its Impact On The Impact Of Urbanization Of Land Use 1817 Words | 8 Pages processes like mining, housing development, logging and lumbering, agriculture relocation, etc. 2. Index of land degradation. The Northwest Environmental Journal 7.1 (1991): 93-118. Other Complex Causes 4.4. Using Quantum GIS (QGIS Development Team 2017), the percentages of forested or wetland and developed land cover with impervious surfaces at each site were quantified.Land-use and land-cover (hereafter, "land use") data were obtained using the 2011 National Land Cover Database, which classifies land use for the continental United States at a 30-m spatial … Land degradation means: 1) Loss of natural fertility of soil because of loss of nutrients. 2. This study aims to analyze the influence of various land use types on the water quality within the Chaohu Lake Basin based on the water quality monitoring data and RS data from 2000 to 2008, with the small watershed as the basic unit of analysis. The impacts may be negative or positive. Greentumble Environmental Issues February 4, 2016. The aim of the current paper is to investigate possible changes in the distribution of EOC over the soil profile and the impact of land use, socioeconomic, and natural factors on these. Winner of the Standing Ovation Award for “Best PowerPoint Templates” from Presentations Magazine. The Northwest Environmental Journal 7.1 (1991): 93-118. Urbanization also leads people towards consumerism. Similarly, average land holding per These factors lead to water, air and land pollution. In determining the effects of urbanization on the environment we draw data from weather stations, field interviews, satellite images, and governmental records. Environmental Problems of Urbanization. alo, fcsn, fipan, fnes director, centre for environmental human Multiple pathogens thrive under land-use changes, deforestation, and poverty, causing a significant … Urbanization can impact coastal fisheries by reducing the quality of important habitats, including salt marshes. Let us find out what surface runoff means. Population growth and Environmental degradation Population is an important source of development, yet it is a major source of environmental degradation when it exceeds the threshold limits of the support systems. Natural resource degradation in general and land degradation in particular has a great effect on the economies of developing countries. Degrading Air Quality Index. Water Resources Research, 11, 431-5 6 Chester L. Arnold and C. James Gibbons. • Therefore, urbanization leads to deforestation which in-turn affects millions of plant and animal species. Disposal of Industrial & Agricultural Wastes. Some of the severe environmental issues prevalent in India are. Chapter Three 3.1 Population and land degradation processes This section reviews the possible linkages between population factors (population size, geographic distribution, age/sex structures, and changes in these), on the one hand, and the main causative factors, i.e. Urbanization in the Himalayas. Soil degradation in urban areas, including sealing, compaction and erosion, has several detrimental impacts on urban welfare and sustainability. 1.3.1 Understanding Land Use Change and Urbanization This chapter deals with the first question with a theme that urbanization is one of the main causes of land use change, which ultimately causes environmental problems. Globally, agriculture has met the demands from this rapidly growing urban population, including food that is more energy-, land-, water- and greenhouse gas emission-intensive. Urbanization is attractive to many rural citizens for the many opportunities it creates in bettering their quality of life. 2. For rapidly urbanizing developing countries, the societal learning required to adapt rural institutions and governance to urban ones became a crash course, leaving little room for timely experimentation and adjustment. The results indicated that there was sig… From the point of view of environmental accounting, land, water, and air are treated as assets that areused in the production of 3 1.1.27 Identify the causes for land degradation. Forest degradation in the Amazon has facilitated the spread of diseases with potentially large social and economic impacts, both locally and globally. The heavy impact of urbanization on the groundwater quality is shown through the observed high nitrate (up to 295 mg/l as nitrate) and high phosphorus values (about 0.1 mg/l as P). (Wikipedia) When the environment becomes less valuable or damaged, environmental degradation is said to occur. Urbanization impacts the environment through the strain of resources, including food, water, energy and the land itself, which increases as the population within the urban area increases. Pressure on land India faces the most acute pressure on agricultural land. World's Best PowerPoint Templates - CrystalGraphics offers more PowerPoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. The Land-use/land-cover change due to new built-up area is found to be 13 % between 1973 and 1992, 3 % between 1992 and 2002, 11 % and between 2002 and 2014. Natural hazards are the conditions of the physical environment which lead to the existence of a high degradation hazard, for example steep slopes as a hazard for water erosion. Water Resources Research, 11, 431-5 6 Chester L. Arnold and C. James Gibbons. The degradation also impacts our wildlife, plants, animals and micro-organisms. 1. This means that there is a rise in use of elements such as metals, glass and plastic. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper makes an attempt to study the trend in urbanization, socioeconomic development, and changes For example, urbanization of steep slopes has been responsible for many landslides, some of them causing human fatalities, as well as economic and property damage [11]. plantation degradation .land use and land cover changes in Eleyele catchments area of Ibadan using GIS as a tool to assess changes over a 28 years period (1972 – 2000) of time in the study area. This land transformation in some sense constitutes land degradation for agriculture and grazing. Major contributing factors included population increase, occurrence of drought, land redistribution, and land degradation. Apart from this, urbanization is creating significant environmental stress by disrupting the natural water table, increasing the rates of air pollution and contributing to the overall global warming. Land degradation means: 1) Loss of natural fertility of soil because of loss of nutrients. 2) Less vegetation cover 3) Changes in the characteristic of soil. 4) Pollution of water resources from the contamination of soil through which water sweeps into ground or runoff to the water bodies. 5 Hollis, G. E., 1975, The effects of urbanization on floods of different recurrence intervals. Global Land Project Sapporo Nodal Office Hokkaido University Japan. The environmental effects like ground water and surface urbanization puts additional pressure on infrastructures that are already weak. Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water, and soil, the destruction of ecosystems and the extinction of wildlife. The results showed that the area of Land use and land cover (LUCC) change has been the most visible indicator of the human footprint and the most important driver of loss of biodiversity and other forms of land degradation. Increasing levels of urbanization are caused by natural growth of the urban population and migration of the rural population towards cities. ADVERTISEMENTS: The following points highlight the five main impacts of agriculture on environment. Biodiversity loss: many plant and animal species are threatened with extinction, due to the spread of disease, the destruction and degradation of their habitats, and direct exploitation. The Impact of Urbanization on Soils. The four indices computed for the study region determines the intensity with which the land surface and land cover is subjected change due to human activities. (Bogart and Richardson 2009) Success in fighting land degradation requires an improved understanding of its causes, impact, degree and relationship with climate, soil, water, land cover and socio-economic factors [46]. Deforestation 3. Urbanization. Research into the causes of land degradation 4.1. Economic consequences of environmental degradation. It is urgent, therefore, to act to halt soil degradation and adopt practices to improve soil health. Research Summary We explore and quantify the manifold impacts of urbanization on ecosystems and the services they provide. The artificialisation of soils can cause a rapid and consequent carbon depletion, which contributes to climate change. Lack of Waste Management. Increased stress on land due to concentrated constructions. It has been predicted that by the year 2050, 70% of the human population on Earth will live in cities [sc:1]. However, in the context of rapid urbanization, the factors related to EOC and the response of the EOC pool to urbanization down the profile remain elusive. Most of the soil is lost through the surface runoff. Ø Urbanization occurs without industrialization and strong economic base. This This Factsheet looks at the causes and effects of water, wind and tillage erosion on agricultural land… In 1900, approximately 150 million people lived in urban areas with populations of 20,000 or more. However, many elements of urbanization can turn burdensome for a city and its citizens if it is not planned for carefully. areas remained land clearing for crop and cattle farming, particularly at present investors are looking the dry land forests to divert in to commercial crops like tea, coffee and rice cultivation [7;8]. Similarly, increased urban land use surrounding tidal creeks can impact the health of fish by changing salinities, altering habitat structure, and increasing exposure to pollution. These factors lead to land degradation through erosion. Deforestation is the logging and/or burning of trees in a forested area [9]. problems in India. It also placed pressure on urban fringes, making land use conversion inevitable in cities. Chapters 7 and 8 are concerned with the economic and social consequences of land degradation: its implications for the community as a whole, and thus for governments, and its effects upon the people, the rural population of the areas affected. There have been some researches on this relationship from the perspective of the spatial configuration of land use in recent years.

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